Assessment of antimutagenicity and anticancer effects of Citrus Limon

Assessment of antimutagenicity and anticancer effects of Citrus Limon Entezari M1, Majd A2, Falahian F3, Mehrabian S4, Hashemi M51 PhD student of Biology, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and research Campus, Tehran, Iran. 2 Professor, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran. 3 Professor, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and research Campus, Tehran, Iran. 4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran. 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch Tehran, Iran. Currently cancer is considered as one of the main causes of mortality globally. Many chemicals in our environment can cause genetic mutations and are potentially responsible for millions of cancer-related deaths. The scientists are nowadays looking for food materials which can potentially prevent cancer occurrence. The aim of this research was to examine antimutagenicity and anticancer effects of Citrus Limon fruit juices. Material and methods: In the present study Human Astrocytoma cancer cells were cultured in DMEM [Gibco], supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin, streptomycin, L-glutamine and incubated at 37°C for 2 days. In addition, cancer cell lines were treated by Citrus Limon fruit juice and cellular vital capacity was determined by MTT. The Citrus Limon fruit juice was subsequently evaluated in terms of antimutagenicity and anticancer properties by a standard reverse mutation assay [Ames Test]. For performing Ames Test salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain was chosen based on the fact that it had a specific mutation in the histidine operon, requiring histidine from a foreign source to ensure its growth. The mentioned strain gives rise to reverted colonies exposing to carcinogen substance [Sodium Azide]. During MTT, human Astrocytoma cell line revealed to have a significant cell death when compared with controls [p > 0.01]. In Ames Test the fruit juices prevented the reverted mutations and the hindrance percent of half-ripe Citrus Limon was 71.7% and ripe Citrus Limon was 34.4% in antimutagenicity test and this value in anticancer test was 83.3% and 50% in half-ripe Citrus Limon and ripe Citrus Limon, respectively. This is the first study that revealed antimutagenicity and anticancer effects of Citrus Limon fruit juice and the effects were higher in half-ripe Citrus Limon in comparison to the ripe one

Colicin type, biochemical type and drug resistance pattern of 154 strains of Shigella sonnei isolated in Iran

The prevalence of Shigella resistant to multiple drugs is quite a serious problem from the standpoint of epidemiology and public health. The stool or rectal swabs were obtained from patients with sporadic bacillary dysentery in two different geographical areas in Iran. Colicin type, Biochemical type and Drug Resistance were performed on these samples. The samples were obtained from patients admitted in some hospitals in the central plateau and Caspian littoral of Iran. 154 cases having bacillary dysentery symptoms were selected for examination. The most predominant biotype on the Central Plateau was "g" while it was "a" in the Caspian Littoral. Sensitivity to Tc [Tetracycline], C [Chloramphenicol], Sm [streptomycin and Su [Triple-Sulfa] were higher in the strains from the Caspian Littoral [71.7%] than in the strains from the central plateau [58.4- 53.5%]. The resistance pattern and the colicin types were found to be almost identical; there was, however, a difference in the predominant biotype observed in the two areas

antimicrobial effect of genus vinca on some pathogen microorganism

Vinca major, minor and rosea are three species of vinca genus and Apocynaceae family. The present work is to investigate antimicrobial effects of these plants against Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococus aureus. Alkaloids from leaf extracts had a better effect on pseudomonas aeroginosa than alkoloids from stem and root. Alkaloids from stem extracts were more effective than alkaloids from other parts on Staphylococus aureus. Root alkaloids were more effective on C. albicans. The antimicrobial effect of vinca minor was the most

antimicrobial effect of garlic [Allium sativum] extract on mouth microflora

Five strains of mouth normal microflora containing staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus mutant, lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces viscosos and candida albicans, were isolated and identified then cultured and purified on different media by using routine methods in microbiology. Extract of 3 garlic samples south [Khuzestan], north [Mazanderan] and Hamedan garlics, were affected on these microbial cultures using Bauer and Kirby method. The effects were compared with antimicrobial effects of erythromycin. The results show all three used extracts have antimicrobial effects. The extract had a bactericidal effect on bacteria but a fungi static on candida albicans